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Table 1 Comparison between our proposed methods and some general optimization algorithms

From: Gumbel-softmax-based optimization: a simple general framework for optimization problems on graphs

Optimization algorithms

Pros

Cons

Genetic algorithm

Population-based, easily implemented, commonly used on various problems

Do not use gradient information, do not scale well with complexity, unable to deal with constraints effectively

Simulated annealing

Suitable for optimization problems where search space is discrete, unlikely stuck with local optimum

Do not use gradient information, slow convergence, limited to system size up to thousand

Greedy

Fast and easily implemented, results are usually satisfying

It may fail to find global optimal on certain problems

GSO

Taking advantage of gradient information using relaxation techniques, with automatic differentiation technique, it is much more faster than classic algorithms

There is still room for improvement of the solution, because it may stuck with local optimum sometimes

EvoGSO

Both gradient and population-based algorithm, with evolution strategy, it is able to overcome local optimum to some extent and obtain better solutions

Usually more time consumption than original GSO in exchange for better results